Actual Risks of Unfiltered Tap Water for Drinking in the United States

Tap water in the United States is treated to keep it free of harmful bacteria and other pathogens, making it safe for millions of people to drink every day. But what many don’t realize is that the chlorine used to disinfect this water can have unintended side effects. 

While it’s a powerful tool for keeping waterborne illnesses at bay, its presence in unfiltered tap water comes with potential risks that deserve closer attention. 

From chemical byproducts to impacts on your health, let’s explore what’s really in your glass of tap water and why you might want to think twice before drinking it unfiltered.

Why is Chlorine Used in U.S. Tap Water?

Chlorine has been a staple of water treatment in the United States for over a century. Its primary role is to disinfect drinking water by killing harmful microorganisms like bacteria and viruses that could otherwise lead to serious diseases such as cholera or dysentery. It’s one of the reasons why waterborne illnesses are so rare in the U.S. compared to other parts of the world.

But chlorine isn’t just effective—it’s efficient. It continues to disinfect water as it travels through pipes to your home, providing a layer of protection against potential contamination along the way. That’s especially important for large-scale public water systems, where water needs to remain safe across long distances.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established guidelines to regulate the amount of chlorine in drinking water, capping it at 4 milligrams per liter. This level strikes a balance between effective disinfection and minimizing potential health risks. 

However, even within these limits, there are growing concerns about chlorine’s impact on health, especially when water is consumed unfiltered.

What Are the Risks of Chlorine in Tap Water?

While chlorine plays a vital role in water safety, its use isn’t without drawbacks. Here are some of the key risks associated with drinking unfiltered tap water containing chlorine.

Formation of Harmful Byproducts

Chlorine doesn’t work alone—it reacts with organic matter in water to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs) like trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). These chemicals, though typically present in small amounts, have been linked to long-term health risks.

According to the World Health Organization, exposure to THMs has been associated with an increased risk of cancer and potential reproductive issues. 

While the EPA regulates these byproducts, individual sensitivities and long-term exposure can still pose a concern, especially for households consuming large amounts of unfiltered tap water.

Potential Impact on the Gut Microbiome

Your gut is home to trillions of beneficial bacteria that play a crucial role in digestion, immunity, and overall health. Unfortunately, chlorine in drinking water doesn’t discriminate—it can affect these helpful bacteria too.

A 2022 study by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, explored how chlorinated drinking water might disrupt the delicate balance of the gut microbiome. 

While more research is needed, early findings suggest that regular consumption of chlorinated water could interfere with your gut health over time.

Unknown and Emerging Chemicals

Recent research has uncovered new concerns about chlorination byproducts. For example, a 2024 study identified a previously unknown compound called chloronitramide anion in the tap water of roughly one-third of U.S. homes.

This chemical, a stable byproduct of chloramine decomposition, raises questions about its potential health effects, including links to cancer. 

While it’s still being studied, the discovery highlights the importance of staying informed about what’s in your water.

Skin and Respiratory Irritation

It’s not just about what you drink—chlorine in water can affect you in other ways too. Taking a hot shower, for instance, can release chlorine vapors that might irritate your respiratory system, especially if you have asthma or other sensitivities.

Additionally, chlorine can dry out your skin and aggravate conditions like eczema. These issues might not seem like a big deal at first, but for those with existing sensitivities, they can quickly become uncomfortable and frustrating.

Are Chlorine Levels in U.S. Tap Water Safe?

Chlorine levels in U.S. tap water are generally considered safe under current regulations. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a maximum allowable limit of 4 milligrams per liter, which is low enough to minimize health risks while effectively disinfecting water. However, individual sensitivities and long-term exposure to chlorine byproducts can still raise concerns.

While the EPA’s guidelines aim to protect public health, it’s important to note that chlorine can react with natural organic matter in water to form byproducts like trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). 

These byproducts are linked to potential health risks, including cancer, when consumed over many years. Monitoring and testing by public water systems help keep these levels within safe ranges, but occasional fluctuations may occur.

It’s also worth noting that people with certain health conditions, sensitive skin, or respiratory issues might experience side effects from chlorine exposure. For these individuals, filtering their water at home or opting for alternative sources can provide added peace of mind.

Can Chlorine Be Removed from Tap Water?

The most effective way to remove chlorine from tap water is by using filtration systems designed specifically for this purpose. Activated carbon filters are one of the best options, as they work by adsorbing chlorine molecules, improving both the taste and quality of your water. 

Systems like reverse osmosis take it a step further, removing chlorine along with other impurities. While these systems are highly effective, they can be more expensive and require professional installation.

If you’re looking for low-cost alternatives, there are a few simple methods to reduce chlorine levels. Letting tap water sit uncovered for 24 hours allows the chlorine to dissipate naturally. 

Boiling water for 15-20 minutes is another quick solution, though it’s not the most energy-efficient option. These methods work well in a pinch, but they’re not as reliable as filtration systems for everyday use.

For a more user-friendly option, the EZ Jug Filter is an excellent choice. This portable system is designed for maximum convenience and efficiency:

• Filters up to 1,000 gallons of water, equivalent to over 200 five-gallon jugs.

• Removes chlorine and other impurities while improving water taste.

• Works with standard 3- or 5-gallon jugs, making it easy to fill from a sink or garden hose.

• Perfect for home use, camping, or emergencies.

Unlike more complex systems, the jug filter doesn’t require installation, making it a practical choice for households or individuals on the go. Its portability and affordability set it apart, providing clean, chlorine-free water wherever you need it.

Conclusion

Chlorine in tap water plays an essential role in ensuring public health by killing harmful bacteria and pathogens. However, it’s not without its drawbacks. 

From harmful byproducts like THMs to potential impacts on gut health and newly discovered chemical compounds, drinking unfiltered tap water can pose risks over time.

While chlorination has made U.S. tap water remarkably safe, understanding its limitations is crucial. Exploring filtration options, like the Easy Jug Filter or more advanced systems, can help reduce these risks while providing clean, better-tasting water.